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Laparoscopic Surgery: Advanced Method & Fast Recovery

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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Laparoscopic Surgery: Advanced Method & Fast Recovery

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive and safer alternative to traditional surgical methods. A laparoscope is a long thin tube and has a camera with light at its tip. This innovative tool enables surgeons to visualize internal organs and structures without requiring large incisions. This technique has become increasingly popular due to advancements in technology, allowing for a wide range of surgical procedures to be performed.

Types of Laparoscopic Surgery

Due to its numerous benefits, laparoscopic surgery has become the preferred choice for many doctors. Here are some of the most common laparoscopic surgeries:

1. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Removal of the gallbladder is the motif of this surgery.

2. Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: Removal of the whole uterus.

3. Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Removal of the appendix.

4. Laparoscopic Myomectomy: It’s a surgery to remove uterine fibroids.

5. Laparoscopic Surgery for Infertility: Treatment for infertility issues like ovarian cysts.

6. Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Weight loss surgery that removes a part of your stomach.

7. Endometriosis Laparoscopic Surgery: Treatment for endometriosis.

8. Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery: Repair of hernias is also possible with laparoscopic surgery.

These minimally invasive procedures offer faster recovery, reduced scarring, and fewer complications compared to traditional open surgeries.

Laparoscopic Surgeries Procedures

Laparoscopic surgery utilizes a set of modern instruments, primarily the laparoscope, a slender device equipped with a tiny camera and light. The surgeon initiates the operation by making small incisions, typically only a few millimeters in length, and inserts the laparoscope and other necessary instruments through these openings. The camera provides a clear visual of the organs on the video screen, which helps the surgeon to perform the procedure. Additionally, carbon dioxide is used to inflate the abdomen, expanding the abdominal walls and giving the surgeon a clear view of internal structures and sufficient space to operate. After operation, the gas is expelled and the incisions are closed with stitches.

Advantages of Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery offers numerous advantages over traditional open surgery. Some of the key benefits include:

Laparoscopic Surgery

1. Minimal Bleeding and Pain: Smaller incisions result in less bleeding and pain during and after surgery, reducing the need for blood transfusions and pain medication.

2. Reduced Risk of Post-Surgical Complications: Laparoscopic surgery minimizes the risk of post-surgical bleeding, pain, and infection. Unlike the traditional methods, it is much safer.

3. Smaller Scars: This surgery doesn’t require a large surgical wound. Smaller incisions result in less noticeable scars and reduced risk of herniation.

4. Faster Healing and Recovery: Patients can expect faster healing, quicker discharge (often the same day or the next day) and a faster return to normal activities.

Risks of Laparoscopic Surgery

While this surgery offers many benefits, it also carries some risks and challenges. The surgeon’s range of motion is limited by the small incisions. The surgeon may struggle to feel the tissue, making it challenging to judge the necessary force. This surgery requires specialized training and can be difficult to learn. Other risks of this surgery include:

1. Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection.

2. Allergic Reactions: Patients may be allergic to certain medications or materials used during the procedure.

3. Organ Damage: The surgeon may accidentally damage surrounding organs or tissues.

4. Adhesions: Internal adhesions may form after the procedure.

5. Blood Clots: Patients may be at risk of developing blood clots.

6. Internal Bleeding: There is a risk of internal bleeding during or after the procedure.

7. Damage to Internal Structures: The surgeon may accidentally damage internal structures.

Laparoscopic Surgery Cost

The cost of laparoscopic surgery depends on various factors.

Laparoscopic Surgery

1. Type of Procedure: Different procedures have different costs.

2. Surgeon’s Fee: The surgeon’s fee contributes to the overall cost.

3. Severity of the Patient’s Condition: More complex cases may require additional charges which increases the cost.

4. Location: Location can impact the cost. Treatment in urban areas is more expensive than in rural areas.

Understanding these factors can help someone to get a better estimation of the costs associated with laparoscopic surgery.

Checklist Before Choosing a Hospital or Clinic

Before deciding on a hospital or clinic for your treatment, consider the following factors:

1. Accreditation and Certification: Ensure the hospital or clinic is accredited by a reputable organization.

2. Facilities and Equipment: Check if the hospital or clinic has modern facilities and equipment.

3. Doctor’s Qualifications and Experience:  the doctor’s qualifications, experience, and success rate.

4. Staff and Nursing Care: Evaluate the quality of nursing care and staff responsiveness.

5. Patient Reviews: Read patient reviews for your satisfaction.

6. Cost and Insurance: Clarify payment options and insurance coverage.

7. Hygiene and Safety: Check if hospital’s or clinic’s hygiene and safety standards.

Best Laparoscopic Surgeon in Kolkata

Finding an efficient surgeon is crucial in this kind of surgery. If you are searching for a trustworthy laparoscopic surgeon in Kolkata then DR. Prosenjit Choudhury is an efficient surgeon in this area. He is the best laparoscopic surgeon in Kolkata. He will guide you with all the techniques and it’s pros or cons.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is laparoscopic surgery?

Answer: Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure using a laparoscope (thin tube with camera and light) to visualize internal organs.

  • What are the benefits of laparoscopic surgery?

Answer: Reduced scarring, less pain, less bleeding, shorter hospital stay and faster recovery are the benefits of laparoscopic surgery.

  • What happens during laparoscopic surgery?

Answer: In a laparoscopic surgery the surgeon makes small incisions, inserts the laparoscope, and then performs the surgical procedure using modern equipment.

  • What are the risks and complications of laparoscopic surgery?

Answer: Bleeding, infection, adhesions, and injury to surrounding organs or tissues are the risk factors of laparoscopic surgery.

  • How much pain can I expect after laparoscopic surgery?

Answer: You may experience mild to moderate pain after laparoscopic surgery.

  • Are laparoscopic surgeries better than traditional open surgery methods?

Answer: Because of the advancement of laparoscopic surgery it has become a safer surgical option than traditional open surgery.

Difference Between Piles, Fissures and Fistula

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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Difference Between Piles, Fissures and Fistula

Piles Fissures And Fistula, three of them are related to the conditions of the anal area. This is the only common thing about them. People often consider them to be the same. But they all are different from each other. To know how they differ from each other read below points of them.

What is a Piles?

Piles, also known as Hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins. They are located in the anus and lower rectum. Just like varicose veins, plies can also cause discomfort and pain. There are two types of plies. Internal Piles or Hemorrhoids develop inside the rectum and may not be visible or felt. External piles develop under the skin around the anus and can be painful and itchy.

What is Fissure?

An anal fissure is a tear or crack in the lining of the anal canal. It’s a common condition that can cause sharp pain and bleeding during bowel movements. Typically, anal fissures occur due to anal trauma, such as straining to pass hard stools.

What is Fistula?

An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel that connects the inside of the anus and outside of the surrounding skin. This tunnel usually develops as a result of an infection in an anal gland, which leads to an abscess.

What are the symptomatic differences of Piles, Fissures And Fistula?

Symptoms of Piles

The symptoms of piles (hemorrhoids) vary depending on the types:

  1. Internal Piles: Symptoms are often mild and may not appear until they prolapse. Common symptoms include:
  2. Pain during bowel movements
  3. Minor bleeding during bowel movements
  4. External Piles: Symptoms are typically more noticeable and may include:
  5. Itching and irritation around the anus
  6. Bleeding
  7. Swelling
  8. Lumps or swelling near the anus
  9. Pain in the anal area and surrounding skin

Symptoms of Fissure

The symptoms of fissure include:

  • Sharp pain during bowel movements
  • Burning or itching sensation during or after pooping
  • Blood in your poop

Symptoms of Fistula

The symptoms of anal fistula include:

Piles, Fissures And Fistula
  • Pain and swelling in the anal area
  • Feeling feverish
  • Feeling unwell or tired
  • Anal discomfort like, soreness, redness or itching
  • Pus discharge from the anal opening

What are the different causes of Piles, Fissures And Fistula?

Causes of Piles

Generally, the piles develop due to the pressure that creates on anal blood vessels. This can happen for many factors:

  1. Pregnancy: As the fetus starts growing inside you, it puts pressure on your pelvic area.
  2. Constipation: Excess straining during bowel movements creates pressure on the blood vessels.
  3. Diarrhea: Because of diarrhea you may face frequent bowel movements and it creates pressure on anal veins.
  4. Prolonged sitting: Prolonged sitting puts pressure on the anal veins. 
  5. Aging: With age, you lose the strength of your anal veins and muscles.
  6. Anal intercourse: Anal intercourse is dangerous for piles as it creates pressure on the anal veins.
  7. Overweight: Excess body weight puts pressure on your rectal veins.
  8. Hereditary factors: Hereditary factors can be another reason for piles.

Causes of Fissures

The causes of fissure include:

  1. Large or hard stool Pass: It can cause a tear or crack in the anal lining. Also, it gives pressure and trauma to the anal area.
  2. Constipation: Constipation and bowel movements lead to fissure.
  3. Diarrhea: Like constipation, long-lasting diarrhea can also be a cause of fissure development.
  4. Anal intercourse: The forceful penetration can lead to tears or cracks in the anal lining, causing a fissures.

Causes of Fistula

An anal fistula can form due to various underlying conditions:

1. Inflammatory Conditions: Certain conditions, such as Crohn’s disease and diverticulitis, can increase the risk.

  • 2. Radiation Therapy: Previous radiation treatment can cause damage to the anal tissues.
  • 3. Anal STIs: Sexually transmitteld infections, like gonorrhea or chlamydia, can lead to fistula development.
  • 4. Hidradenitis Suppurativa: This chronic skin condition can cause anal fistulas.
  • 6. Tuberculosis: TB infection can lead to fistula formation.
  • 7. Surgical Complications: Previous anal surgeries increase the risk of developing an anal fistula.

What are the different treatment options for Piles, Fissures And Fistula?

Treatment of Piles

The treatment of piles includes:

  1. Rubber band ligation: Placing a rubber band around your pile this process cuts off the blood supply. The plies shrink and fall after a few days.
  2. Electrocoagulation: By inserting a probe into the location of the pile and giving a gentle current through the probe causing the pile to get shrink.
  3. Infrared coagulation: Here an infrared light provides heat to the piles which causes scar tissue formation. It cuts off the supply of blood and the piles shrink.
  4. Sclerotherapy: Sclerotherapy is a procedure where the doctor inserts a chemical into your plies to destroy them.

Laser treatment include

  • Hemorrhoidal Laser Procedure (With laser it targets the piles and shrinks them)
  • Laser Hemorrhoidectomy (With laser it cuts the piles and removes them)
  • Laser  Hemorrhoidoplasty (Laser beam targets the piles and cuts off the blood supply to piles)

Treatment of Fissure

Treatment options for fissures include:

Piles, Fissures And Fistula
  1. Nitroglycerin (Rectiv): Applied externally to increase blood flow and promote healing.
  2. Topical anesthetic creams (Lidocaine/Xylocaine): It gives relieve pain and discomfort.
  3. OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox): Injected to paralyze the anal sphincter muscle and relax spasms.
  4. Blood pressure medications (Nifedipine/Diltiazem): Relaxes the anal sphincter, available in topical or oral forms.
  5. Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS):  It’s a minor surgical procedure that involves cutting a small part of the anal sphincter muscle. It leads to healing, reduces spasm and pain.

Treatment of Fistula

The treatment of fistula contains:

1. Fistulotomy: The surgeon cuts open the entire length of the fistula to flush out its contents.

2. Seton Techniques: A thread (seton) is left into the fistula tract. This method is considered for high-risk patients, as it minimizes the risk of incontinence when the fistula crosses the sphincter muscles.

3. Advancement Flap Procedure: This involves removing a tissue flap from the rectum or surrounding skin. The flap is then used to cover the fistula.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

  1. Are Piles, Fissures And Fistula same?

Answer: No, piles, fissure and fistula are not same. They are different conditions of anal are.

  • What are the difference between Piles, Fissures And Fistula?

Answer: Generally, the piles develops due to the pressure that creates on anal blood vessels, an anal fissure is a tear or crack in the lining of the anal canal and An anal fistula, is an abnormal tunnel that connects the inside of the anus and outside of the surrounding skin due to an infection.

Inguinal Hernia: Expand Your Knowledge with Key Insights

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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Inguinal Hernia: Expand Your Knowledge with Key Insights

A hernia happens when tissue pushes through a weak spot in your muscle wall. The most common type is an inguinal hernia, which occurs when tissue in your abdomen bulges into your groin area through a weak spot in your lower abdominal wall. Inguinal hernias, also known as groin hernias, occur in the passageway from the pelvis to the sex organs. They’re the most common type of hernia in this section.

Types of Inguinal Hernia

We generalized inguinal hernia in to two types. Those two types are:

  • Direct Inguinal Hernia: Direct inguinal hernia generally occurs in adults. It happens when abdominal muscles weaken and allow the tissue to bulge through the inguinal wall.
  • Indirect Inguinal Hernia: Indirect Inguinal usually occurs due to a birth defect, entering the canal through the top. This often results from an opening in the inguinal canal that didn’t close properly during fetal development.

Symptoms of Inguinal Hernia

Not all inguinal hernias exhibit symptoms, they may come and go. Symptoms may appear during some specific activities. For children, you may notice a lump in the groin area that enlarges when they cry and it may disappear when they sleep. In the case of indirect inguinal hernia, you may not feel them by touching it, as they hide behind muscle fibers. Some common symptoms of inguinal hernia include:

Inguinal Hernia
  • Groin pressure or heaviness
  • Groin pain during straining, coughing lifting
  • A sharp sensation that radiates through the pelvis or leg

Causes of Inguinal Hernia

This deases occurs when there’s a weakness or opening in the lower abdomen wall, allowing tissue to push through. The causes of inguinal hernia are:

1. Birth defect: An opening or weak spot present at birth.

2. Genetic problem: Congenital differences in connective tissue strength can be a cause.

3. Previous abdominal surgery: An opening or weak spot from your previous abdominal surgery can be a cause.

4. Chronic coughing or sneezing: If you have chronic coughing or sneezing problems you may face it.

5. Chronic straining: Prolonged pressure on the abdominal wall is risky.

6. Heavy lifting: Frequent heavy lifting or excessive physical activity can also be a cause.

7. Prolonged sitting: Jobs requiring long hours of standing can lead this.

8. Chronic obesity: Obesity creates pressure on the abdominal wall.

9. Pregnancy: Pregnancy duration and lifting to your kids can be responsible.

10. Aging: With age, the tissues start weakening.

Prevention of Inguinal Hernia

You can’t prevent your congenital defect that relates to inguinal hernia but you can reduce strain on your abdominal muscles and tissues.

  • Maintain a healthy weight and take a proper diet plan.
  • Be careful while lifting heavy things. Always bend down from the knees, avoid bending from the waist.
  • To prevent constipation and straining, take high-fiber foods.
  • Smoking can lead to chronic coughing, so avoid this.

Diagnosis of Inguinal Hernia

A physical examination is enough to diagnose an inguinal hernia. Your doctor will do:

Inguinal Hernia
  1. Physical Examination

Your provider will look for a visible bulge or lump. They will feel the area to detect any bulge or lump. You may be asked to cough or bear down to see if the hernia poke out.

  • Imaging tests

If the hernia is not visible or your doctor can’t feel it through touching it, then they may ask for imaging tests to identify the inguinal hernia. Those tests are ultrasound and CT scan. Ultrasound is the first choice for imaging and in rare cases, they ask for a CT scan to get specific details.

Treatment of Inguinal Hernia

Doctors usually recommend surgery for this deases. Surgery is often advised because most inguinal hernias will eventually cause symptoms. For people with small or asymptomatic hernias, watchful waiting can be recommended.

In some cases, your doctor may massage the hernia back. For this, it’s recommended to wear a belt or truss to keep the hernia in place during certain activities. This may help prevent the hernia from growing.

  • Surgical procedure

Hernia repair surgery is the most common surgery to cure it. It is performed under general, regional and local anesthesia. The goal of hernia repair surgery is to return the hernia contents to the abdominal cavity and closing the gap. We also called it as Herniorrhaphy. To add extra support, your surgeon may use tissue from another part of the body with a thin synthetic mesh. We call it as Herninoplastry.

Most hernia repairs can be done using minimally invasive surgery, but complicated cases may require open surgery. The type of surgery depends on your condition, previous surgeries and your surgeon’s recommendation.

  1. Laparoscopic Surgery: Several small incisions in the abdomen will be done. Then a Laparoscope, which is a thin tube with a video camera, will be inserted through an hole. Here long and  thin instruments are used for repair. It provides the fast healing.
  2. Robotic Hernia Repair: It is similar to laparoscopic surgery. Here the surgeon operates this procedure from sitting at a console and surgical instruments are controlled from there.
  3. Open Surgery: Open surgery is needed for severe cases. It’s a traditional method. Your surgeon makes a long incision across the pelvis. They pushes back the hernia into abdomen.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is an inguinal hernia?

Answer: Inguinal hernias, also known as groin hernias, occur in the passageway from the pelvis to the sex organs. It occurs when tissue in your abdomen bulges into your groin area through a weak spot in your lower abdominal wall. They’re the most common type of hernia.

  • What are the symptoms of inguinal hernia?

Answer: A bulge or lump in the groin, discomfort or pain, heaviness on groin, especially when coughing, lifting, straining are the symptoms of inguinal hernia.

  • What causes inguinal hernia?

Answer: Causes of inguinal hernia include – birth defects, genetic problem, previous abdominal surgery, chronic coughing or sneezing, chronic straining, heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, chronic obesity and aging.

  • How an inguinal hernia diagnosed?

Answer: Physical examination and imagining tests like  ultrasound or CT scan are recommended to diagnosed inguinal hernia.

  • How to prevent inguinal hernia?

Answer: Maintain a healthy weight, taking proper diet food, bend down from knees while heavy lifting, fiber food intake, quitting smoking can help you to prevent inguinal hernia.

Thyroid Nodules: Causes, Signs & Expert Treatment Options

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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Thyroid Nodules: Causes, Signs & Expert Treatment Options

The butterfly-shaped thyroid gland is located below the larynx (Adam’s apple). It circulates hormones to your body to give support all your metabolic processes. But when your thyroid gland produces too much or too little hormones, then it causes thyroid disease. Thyroid Nodules is a condition of thyroid disease, where you see lumps on your gland. The lumps can be solid or fluid-filled. These are generally non-cancerous but sometimes they can be harmful and invite cancer. If they are non-cancerous then you don’t need any treatment. If required, they are treatable also.

Symptoms of Thyroid Nodule

Symptoms related to thyroid nodules are lumps in the neck area which is clearly visible. Other problematic symptoms are swelling, pain in the throat and trouble with swallowing or breathing.

Hyper-functioning thyroid nodules can activate overproduction of thyroid hormone, which we call hyperthyroidism. Symptoms include:

  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Weight loss
  • Nervousness
  • Increased appetite 
  • Diarrhea
  • Heat intolerance
  • Light menstrual bleeding or missed periods

Thyroid nodules are also associated with Hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland produces less hormone levels. Symptoms include:

  • Weight gain
  • Constipation
  • Fatigue
  • Frequent or heavy menstrual bleeding  

Causes of Thyroid Nodules

The actual causes of getting nodules are not fully known, but some conditions may be responsible for it. Those possible conditions are:

Thyroid Nodules
  • Iodine Deficiency: Lack of iodine deficiency in your diet can lead to thyroid nodule formation.
  • Thyroid Adenoma: A thyroid adenoma is an abnormal growth of thyroid tissue. It’s usually benign and may produce excess thyroid hormone, leading to hyperthyroidism.
  • Autoimmune disease: Hashimoto’s disease, can cause thyroid inflammation and nodule buildup.
  • Hormonal level changes: An imbalance of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level can cause nodules to form.
  • Thyroid cancer: Rarely in some cases thyroid nodules build because of thyroid cancer.
  • Family history: Family history plays a vital role here. A family history of thyroid nodules or cancer increases the risk of getting affected by it.

Types of Thyroid Nodules

There are several types of thyroid nodules. Some of them are so small that it’s may not noticeable but when they grow bigger, they start giving discomfort. Most of them are benign and being non-cancerous they are easily treatable.

  • Thyroid Adenoma: Thyroid adenomas are benign growths of normal thyroid tissue that come in various forms. They typically don’t require treatment unless they cause compressive symptoms.
  • Multinodular Goiter: If several nodules are found in the thyroid, then it’s called a multinodular goiter. Multinodular goiter causes the thyroid to produce too much thyroxine, which may result in hyperthyroidism. These are called toxic multinodular goiter.
  • Thyroid cysts: Thyroid cysts are fluid-filled nodules in the thyroid. Some cysts are congenital (Present from birth). They are usually benign. Some thyroid cysts may require watchful waiting to ensure that they don’t turn into cancer.
  • Thyroid cancer: Thyroid cancer forms when a cancer cell develops in the thyroid nodule. The multiple types of thyroid cancer are – Papillary thyroid cancer, Follicular thyroid cancer, Hurthle thyroid cancer, Medullary thyroid cancer and poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Among them, the most common thyroid cancers are Papillary & Follicular. These are less aggressive than others.

Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodule

Self-observation comes first. You may feel a lump near your Adam’s apple, when you touch your neck. If you notice this you should seek  guidance for this.

Your doctor first asked about your symptoms, medical history and family history. Then they may suggest you to do some tests so that they can find out the type of nodule or it is cancer or not. Those tastes are:

  1. Blood test: Blood tests are obvious to check the thyroid hormone levels (TSH). Through this, we can understand if the thyroid nodule produces excess hormone (Hyperthyroidism) or less hormone (Hypothyroidism).
  2. Ultrasound: High-frequency radio waves are used to produce a detailed image of the neck. This non-invasive imaging test helps doctors diagnose and assess thyroid nodules and determine their size, shape, and number. It can also distinguish between cysts and potentially more serious conditions. Additionally, it can guide doctors during a biopsy procedure.
  3. Thyroid nodule biopsy: If necessary, your doctor may perform a biopsy to determine if the nodule is cancerous. A delicate nodule will be inserted into a nodule to collect a small cell sample. Then it will be observed under a microscope in a lab.

Treatment of Thyroid Nodule

Treatment of thyroid nodules depends on the type of nodule you have. The available thyroid nodule treatment options are:

Thyroid Nodules
  • Watchful waiting

Small and benign nodules may not need any treatment. So, your doctor can suggest you to wait and observe the nodule with an ultrasound.

  • Radioactive Iodine Ablation

The radioactive iodine ablation process is used to treat the hyperactive thyroid nodule. When your thyroid gland absorbs the radioactive iodine it starts to shrink.

  • Radiofrequency Ablation

Radiofrequency ablation is another way to cure your thyroid nodule. It is a minimal invasive procedure that uses heat to shrink the nodule.

  • Surgery

Surgical removal of the nodule is used in severe cases. If you notice suspicious or cancerous growth, then surgery to take out the nodules is the best option.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is a thyroid nodule?

Answer: A thyroid nodule is an abnormal growth on the thyroid gland, which can be solid or fluid-filled.

  • What causes thyroid nodules?

Answer: The exact cause is often unknown, but they can be caused by iodine deficiency, thyroid inflammation, genetics.

  • Are thyroid nodules common?

Answer:  Yes, thyroid nodules are common, especially in women.

  • What are the symptoms of thyroid nodules?

Answer: Many thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms, but some may cause neck swelling, pain, difficulty swallowing, or breathing.

  • How are thyroid nodules diagnosed?

   Answer: Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, thyroid tests, ultrasound, and sometimes a biopsy.

  • Do all thyroid nodules require treatment?

Answer: No, not all thyroid nodules require treatment. Small, benign nodules may only need monitoring.

  • What are the treatment options for thyroid nodules?

Answer: Treatment options include watchful waiting, radioactive iodine ablation, radiofrequency ablation and surgery.

Understanding Phimosis: Description, Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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Understanding Phimosis: Description, Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatment

Phimosis is a condition when you can’t pull back your foreskin of the penis. This condition generally happens with uncircumcised adults or children. In some cases of phimosis, the foreskin may look hold a tight and ring-like appearance around the tip of the penis. In newborns, the foreskin loosens naturally over time. However, foreskin becomes a concern when you see a very small opening of the foreskin and you can’t retract the foreskin to clean the area underneath. Normally, it should be easy to retract your foreskin, allowing enough visibility to the head of your penis.

Symptoms of Phimosis

The most common symptom of Phimosis is you can’t pull back your foreskin that covers your penis head. Sometimes tight foreskin doesn’t show any signs but it creates concern when they show below mentioned symptoms:

1. Difficulty while urinating

2. Slow pee stream

3. Blood in your pee

4. Pain during sexual intercourse

5. Swelling or tenderness

6. Frequent affected by urinating tract infections (UTIs)

Types of Phimosis

Based on the cause and condition there are two types of phimosis – 1. Physiological & 2. Pathological Phimosis

  • Physiological Phimosis

A normal condition in infants and young children where the foreskin is tight and attached to the glans. It typically resolves itself as the child grows, and the foreskin becomes easier to retract.

  • Pathological Phimosis

Here the foreskin becomes too tight due to scarring, infection, inflammation, or underlying medical conditions. It can occur at any age and may require medical attention if symptoms like pain, infections, urinating issues or sexual problems arise.

Cause Of Phimosis

Phimosis can be caused by various factors, which can be categorized into two main groups – non-pathological and pathological.

Non-Pathological Cause

1. Natural Development: Newborns and young children often have a naturally tight foreskin, which usually resolves on its own by adolescence.

Pathological Cause

1. Infections and Inflammation: Repeated infections (balanitis) can cause scarring, tightening the foreskin that leads to phimosis. Also, chronic inflammation can be a cause of pathological foreskin.

2. Trauma or Injury: Physical trauma or forceful retraction can cause tears, leading to scarring and tightening.

3. Skin Conditions: Certain conditions like lichen sclerosus or eczema can cause scarring and tightening.

4. Poor Hygiene: Inadequate cleaning can lead to smegma buildup, causing irritation, infection, and finally leads to foreskin.

5. Underlying Medical Conditions: Chronic conditions like diabetes can increase the risk of infections and inflammation, contributing to pathological foreskin.

Complications of Phimosis

Untreated phimosis can lead to several complications that affect physical comfort, hygiene, and sexual well-being. These include:

Phimosis

1. Pain: Retracting the foreskin can cause pain or discomfort during daily activities, sexual intercourse, or urination.

2. Urinary Issues: Severe foreskin can lead to urinary difficulties, such as painful urination or slow flow of urination.

3. Swelling and Inflammation: Untreated foreskin can cause swelling, inflammation, and discomfort in the foreskin.

4. Hygiene Challenges: The inability to retract the foreskin fully can make cleaning difficult, increasing the risk of smegma buildup and infections.

5. Recurrent Infections: Chronic inflammation or infections (balanitis) can occur, leading to recurring symptoms and potentially affecting the glans.

6. Scar Tissue Formation: Persistent inflammation or injury can result in scar tissue formation, further restricting the foreskin.

7. Sexual Dysfunction: foreskin can interfere with sexual activity. It may cause discomfort or pain while doing sexual activities or sexual intercourse.

8. Emotional Distress: The discomfort, pain, and complications associated with foreskin can lead to emotional distress like anxiety or depression.

Treatment of Tight Foreskin

The treatment of tight foreskin or phimosis depends on the condition’s severity. Common treatment options are:

1. Steroid Creams: Applying corticosteroid creams can reduce  inflammation and also increase the elasticity of the foreskin, making retraction easier.

2. Stretching exercises: A gentle stretching of the foreskin can improve flexibility. But to do this, you need guidance from a healthcare provider.

3. Maintain good hygiene: Gentle cleaning with water and avoiding harsh soaps can prevent infections and reduce inflammation.

4. Antibiotics or Antifungals: Treatment of infections like balanitis with prescribed medications can alleviate symptoms.

Surgical option

Circumcision:  Circumcision has various benefits for men’s health. It is a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin of the penis. It’s often performed for cultural, religious, or medical reasons. Circumcision can help prevent urinary tract infections and penile cancer. It also reduces the risk of HIV transmission and other sexually transmitted infections. Also they cure balanitis and phimosis. Circumcision leads to genital hygiene and health. It is definitely a safe and effective procedure performed by a qualified healthcare professional. Various types of circumcision techniques are now available but ZSR and Laser circumcision became popular these days because of their advancement.

How to choose a reliable hospital or clinic?

  • Check the success rate of the hospital or clinic for your selective treatment
  • Make sure your surgeon is efficient
  • Make sure the hospital or clinic has all modern equipment
  • Compare the treatment cost with other hospitals and clinics
  • Check the hospital’s or clinic’s reputation

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is Phimosis?

Answer: Phimosis is a condition when you can’t pull back your foreskin of penis. foreskin becomes a concern when you see a very small opening of foreskin and you can’t retract the foreskin to clean the area underneath.

  • What are the symptoms of phimosis?

Answer: Symptoms of foreskin are difficulty retracting the foreskin, pain or discomfort during sexual activity, swelling or redness of the foreskin or glans, infections, urinary issues etc.

  • What causes phimosis?

Answer: Phimosis can be caused by natural development, infections or inflammatio, trauma or injuries, skin conditions, poor hygiene or medical conditions.

  • What are the types of Phimosis?

Answer: The two types of Phimosis are, 1.Physiological Phimosis-A normal condition in infants and young children where the foreskin is tight and attached to the glans. It typically resolves itself as the child grows, and the foreskin becomes easier to retract. 2. Pathological foreskin-Here the foreskin becomes too tight due to scarring, infection, inflammation, or underlying medical conditions. It can occur at any age and may require medical attention.

  • Is circumcision procedure safe?

Answer: Yes, circumcision procedure is safe. Now it’s also less painful and give fast recovery due to modern techniques.

Circumcision Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide to Different Types

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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Circumcision Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide to Different Types

Circumcision is a surgical procedure of removing the foreskin of penis. The foreskin covers the tip of penis. This procedure holds significant cultural, religious, and health value in numerous communities worldwide. It is very much common for new-born babies, assigned male at birth (AMAB). They undergo circumcision just after the birth but children and adults can also get it. From traditional to modern, many types of surgical options are available for this procedure. Both advantages and risk factors are there in circumcisions.

 Benefits of Circumcision

Sometimes circumcision is done due to religious or social beliefs, personal cleanliness or to cure certain health conditions. Health conditions that can be cured through circumcision are-

  1. It decreases the risk of Sexually transmitted infections, like HIV.
  2. It also helps to prevent any kind of Urinary tract infections.
  3. It cures Balanitis, which is swelling on penis head.
  4. It reduces the chances of penis cancer.
  5. Sometimes we notice inflammation (Balanoposthitis) on the head of the penis, this happens due to the uncircumcised, as it gets hard and impossible to pull back. So, circumcision can prevent penile problems.

But some risk factors are still there like fear of infections, excess bleeding and scarring.

Circumcision Procedure

The steps of circumcision procedure include:

  • At first the procedure, the risks and the benefits are discussed in detail. Then your doctor or surgeon will give you instructions before the surgery.
  • The surgery is performed under general or local anesthesia to ensure patient’s comfort.
  • Next the genital area will be cleaned and prepared for the procedure.
  • The chosen this surgery technique will perform to remove the foreskin of penis.
  • Hemostasis techniques are employed to control the bleeding.
  • After the circumcision, patient will be monitored and pain-relieving medications can be prescribed to manage the pain.
  • The surgical area will be dressed to protect it and for healing.
  • Heavy lifting and sexual activities should be avoided for a certain period.

Circumcision Types

There are different types of surgical options available for your treatment. The circumcision types include:

Circumcision
  1. Open Circumcision

Open circumcision is a surgical procedure where the foreskin is removed vertically followed by stitching. Bleeding can be seen during the procedure and also the risk of scarring is there. But it will be minimized after proper care. Post-operative pain or discomfort will stay. The recovery period is 7 to 10 days. And sutures need to be removed after a certain period.

  • Stapler Circumcision

A medical stapler is utilized to remove the foreskin and seal the wound with staples. The stapling technique can minimize the scarring, and make it less noticeable. Patience will face less pain or discomfort than open circumcision. Healing time is also shorter than open circumcision.

  • Plastibell circumcision

In the context of Plastibell circumcision, a ligature is indeed tied at the base of the plastibell. It constricts the blood flow to the excess foreskin, causing the excess foreskin to dry out and eventually fall off over time. The plastibell device helps to reduce the bleeding during or after the procedure.

  • Gomco clamp circumcision

The Gomco clamp is a metal device used in medical settings to secure the foreskin during circumcision. A clamp is used to crush the foreskin, and then it is cut away. With minimal to moderate bleeding and manageable pain it can be controlled with medication.

  • Mogen clamp circumcision

During the Mogen circumcision, the mogen clamp is placed under the foreskin, crushing the tissue and cutting off blood flow. The foreskin is then cut away, and the clamp is removed after that. This method is considered to be bloodless and the risk of getting any infection is also less as nothing is left with the penis.

  • ZSR Circumcision

ZSR is another procedure that removes the foreskin that covers the head of the penis. Utilizing a surgical stapler, it cuts and staples the sides of the foreskin. This process doesn’t require traditional sutures. So, it minimize the bleeding.

  • Laser Circumcision

Laser circumcision is a modern, minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a laser beam to remove the foreskin of penis. Laser circumcision reduces bleeding due to the laser’s ability to seal blood vessels. No sutures are involved, so no tension to remove it. It is less painful and healing time is short.

Best Circumcision Technique

After reading the types of circumcision, you may get a brief idea about all the types. This technique depends on various factors, like your age, health conditions your personal preference etc. And choosing the  best circumcision technique depends on various factors like bleeding risk, pain, recovery period etc. For this, Laser circumcision is an appealing and safer option than any other traditional techniques.

Circumcision
  • Less bleeding: Traditional circumcisions can result in more bleeding because of the surgical incision. But Laser circumcision seals blood vessels, reduces bleeding.
  • Less painful: Compared to traditional circumcisions laser circumcision is less painful because of the exact tissue removal.
  • Fast recovery: Recovery time is also very fast in laser circumcision than traditional ones.
  • Less scarring: Traditional circumcision can results more scarring but laser circumcision provides less noticeable scarring.

Ultimately, it is essential to consult with a qualified medical professional to determine the best option for you. They will assess your needs, preferences, and medical requirements to provide personalized guidance. A successful outcome relies not only on the chosen technique but also on the surgeon’s expertise.

How to choose a reliable hospital or clinic?

  • Check the success rate of the hospital or clinic for your selective treatment
  • Make sure your surgeon is efficient
  • Make sure the hospital or clinic has all modern equipment
  • Compare the treatment cost with other hospitals and clinics
  • Check the hospital’s or clinic’s reputation

Circumcision Costing

The cost of circumcision depends on various factors on

  1. Hospital or clinic’s location
  2. Doctor’s fees which depend on their experience
  3. Facility cost
  4. Insurance coverage
  5. Anaesthesia cost

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

  1. Why people do circumcision?

Answer: People do circumcision due to cultural or religious beliefs and also for medical reasons.

  • What are the benefits of circumcision?

Answer: The advantages of circumcision are, it decreases the risk of STIs, prevent urinary tract infections, cure Balanitis, reduces penis cancer risk, cure Balanoposthitis.

  • Is circumcision painful?

Answer: Yes you may experience pain but pain relievers are also there. But the surgery will be done under local or general anaesthesia.

  • What are the risks of circumcision?

Answer: Bleeding, scarring and infections are the risk factors of circumcision.

  • What is ZSR circumcision procedure?

Answer: ZSR is another procedure that removes the foreskin that covers the head of the penis. Utilizing a surgical stapler, it cuts and staples the sides of the foreskin. This process doesn’t require traditional sutures. So, it minimize the bleeding.

  • What is laser circumcision treatment?

Answer: Laser circumcision is a modern, minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a laser beam to remove the foreskin of penis.

  • Can circumcision be performed on adults?

Answer: Yes, circumcision can be performed on adults.

Hemorrhoids in Pregnancy survival guide: Symptoms, Causes & Surgical Options

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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Hemorrhoids in Pregnancy survival guide: Symptoms, Causes & Surgical Options

Hemorrhoids in pregnancy time are very common. We also know it as piles. Hemorrhoids can occur during your pregnancy period due to various reasons. Generally, they occur during the third trimester. Hemorrhoids are basically swollen blood vessels or lumps that grow inside or around the opening of anus or in your rectum, hanging from anal canal. They developed because of extra pressure on the veins. It may cause discomfort, itching and even bleeding. If you are affected by it in pregnancy, you should consult a doctor.

Symptoms of Piles During Pregnancy

As we know that internal piles or hemorrhoids form below the rectum and external piles or hemorrhoids form under the skin around you’re anus, the symptoms depend on the type of pile you have.

Internal hemorrhoids may not have any serious symptoms unless they prolapsed. This includes:

  • Pain when you poop
  • Little bleeding during bowel movement

External hemorrhoids symptoms include:

  • Itching
  • Irritation
  • Bleeding
  • Swelling
  • Lumps near anus
  • Pain during anus and surrendered area

Causes of Piles During Pregnancy

Piles appear when excessive pressure is created in pelvic area and lower digestive tract. This pressure is the of swollen veins which leads to hemorrhoids. During pregnancy the pressure comes from:

  • The weight of fetus: During pregnancy, the growing fetus puts pressure on your pelvic area. Because of the enlarged uterus the blood vessels of anus became compressed and it’s become difficult to supply blood throughout the body as easily as they do. This leads to swollen veins and eventually hemorrhoids.
  • Growth of blood volume: During pregnancy your body produces more blood to give support to the fetus. As a result your veins work harder to circulate the increased blood volume throughout your body. This pressure leads to hemorrhoids.
  • Constipation: Due to hormonal changes in pregnancy period your body slows down the digestion process, which leads to constipation. Because of strain during bowel movement, a pressure is created to anus veins which is a cause of hemorrhoids.
  • Low fiber intake: Eating foods such as low in fiber can increase the chance of getting constipation. And this condition can lead to hemorrhoids in pregnancy.

How Can You Prevent Hemorrhoids During Pregnancy?

To prevent hemorrhoids in pregnancy you should keep the below points in mind

  • To avoid constipation eat high-fiber food
  • Don’t delay going to washroom when you feel the urge
  • Try to avoid prolonged sitting
  • Drink plenty of water, it can soften the dry stool
  • Try to lie on other side while sleeping
  • Don’t strain too long on toilet
  • Do exercise regularly. Try to do Kegel exercise, which will increase the circulation of your rectal area and strengthen the muscles around anus
  • Stay active during pregnancy
  • Maintain your weight
  • Eat fruits & vegetables

Treatment for Piles During Pregnancy

In some cases hemorrhoids disappears by the their own after the delivery of the child but it is always better to seek medical help for your health problems, specially in your pregnancy time. The treatments include:

Control your constipation: As constipation contribute to hemorrhoids, you should control that first. To control or relieve constipation you can try below points:

  • Add high fiber foods in your diet with fruits and vegetables
  • Ask your doctor to recommend a fiber supplement that you can take in pregnancy
  • Drink plenty of fluids
  • If prescribed by doctor you can take laxative for constipation
  • Ask your doctor to provide stool softer to take in pregnancy period

Take the pressure off your hemorrhoids: Try not to put much pressure on your hemorrhoids by trying these points:

  • Avoid too much straining in toilet, instead try to relieve your constipation
  • Don’t sit for long period, try to move around for a few minutes every hour to avoid the extra anal pressure
  • Try to lie on other side while sleeping to relieve the pressure on your rectal veins

Home remedies for hemorrhoids in pregnancy:  While you may not be able to completely get rid of hemorrhoids, still using the following points you may reduce the pain. The points include:

  • Try warm tub bath to increase the blood flow and relax the strained muscles around your anus
  • Apply ice pack in the area to reduce the discomfort
  • Use aloe or coconut oil to get relief from discomfort
  • Use wipes of pads that contain witch hazel

Surgical Procedures for Piles in Pregnancy

In some cases, you may need to visit a doctor for treatment to shrink your hemorrhoids. Minor surgery can also be suggested, but it’s rare. Though most of the time healthcare providers recommends to wait until you give birth. But in severe cases doctor may suggest surgery, but they take a detail observation of the risk of child and mother before suggest a surgery. So, Other medical treatment or surgical options are:

  • Hemorrhoidectomy: Hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure that is done under anesthesia. Your surgeon will locate your hemorrhoids and cut off the affected tissue seal the affected tissue. It’s a risky process, that’s why it is only recommended for severe cases like multiple hemorrhoids or hemorrhoids that have prolapsed.
  • Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: Staple Hemorrhoidopexy is a surgery that uses a stapling device to remove hemorrhoids. Here the hemorrhoidal tissue is lifted back into his normal position inside the anus. Surgical staples are used then to hold the tissue in place.
  • Laser treatment: Laser treatment is minimally invasive procedure that uses laser technology. It targets the inflamed tissues. The heat of laser cuts off the blood supply to these tissues, which reduces the inflammation and swelling.

How to Choose Best Place to Consult a Doctor?

  • Check clinic’s or hospital’s location
  • Check their success rates
  • Check doctor’s knowledge & experience
  • Check if all the modern facilities are available or not in the clinic or hospital

Keep in mind all the points you should choose the reliable clinic or hospital.

FAQ: Frequently asked questions

  1. What are hemorrhoids?

Answer: Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels or lumps that grow inside or around the opening of anus or in your rectum, hanging from anal canal.

  • Are hemorrhoids common during pregnancy?

Answer: Yes, it is very much common to have hemorrhoids during pregnancy.

  • What are the symptoms of piles during pregnancy?

Answer: The symptoms of piles during pregnancy include, pain when you poop, little bleeding during bowel movement, itching, irritation, bleeding, swelling, lumps near anus, pain during anus and surrendered area.

  • What are causes of hemorrhoids during pregnancy?

Answer: Constipation, Increased blood volume, Baby’s weight can be a cause of hemorrhoids during pregnancy.

  • Does hemorrhoids disappear after delivery?

Answer: Many women experience the disappearance of hemorrhoids after delivery.

  • How to prevent hemorrhoids in pregnancy?

Answer: To avoid constipation eat high-fiber food, don’t delay going to washroom when you feel the urge, try to stay active, do exercise regularly, avoid prolonged sitting, drink plenty of water as it can soften the dry stool, lie on other side while sleeping, don’t strain too long on toilet, maintain your weight & eat fruits & vegetables. So these are the points to prevent hemorrhoids in pregnancy.

All About Piles: Symptoms, Causes & Effective Treatments

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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All About Piles: Symptoms, Causes & Effective Treatments

What are Piles?

Piles are swollen blood vessels or lumps that grow inside or around the opening ofanus or in your rectum, hanging from anal canal. This is very common problem.We also known it ashemorrhoids.They developed because of extra pressure on the veins. Piles may cause discomfort, itching and even bleeding.Though it often resolve on their own but various treatments are there for your concern.

What are the symptoms of Piles?

As we know that internal piles form below the rectum and external piles form under the skin around your anus, the symptoms depend on the type of pile you have.

Internal piles may not have any serious symptoms unless they prolapsed. This include:

  • Pain when you poop
  • Little bleeding during bowel movement

External piles symptoms include:

  • Itching
  • Irritation
  • Bleeding
  • Swelling
  • Lumps near anus
  • Pain during anus and surrendered area

What are the causes of Piles?

The exact reason is unknown, but they are associated with pressure in the blood vessels in your anus. The pressure can swollen and inflamed the veins. So, the including causes are:

  • Pregnancy: Pregnancy can be a cause of piles. During this period the increasing weight of the fetus and uteruscreates pressure on your pelvicarea. This causing piles.
  • Constipation: Straining during bowel movements can also put pressure on the blood vessels, which may resultin piles.
  • Diarrhea: Diarrhea can cause frequent bowel movement, which causes increased straining andleavingpressure on anal veins. This can contribute to piles.
  • Prolonged sitting: Prolonged sitting can be affecting for piles. Long-time seating position puts pressure on the anal veins.
  • Aging: With time your anal veins and muscles become weak. This can cause piles.
  • Anal intercourse:Pressure to the anal veins during anal intercourse can worsen the existing piles or can develop new ones. Anal intercourse is a threat to piles.
  • Overweight: Being overweight is also dangerous for hemorrhoid. It puts pressure on your rectal veins, increasing the risk of piles.
  • Hereditary factors:Hereditary factors can lead to piles. If any of your family members have this disease there is a chance that you can be affected by it.

Home Remedies for Piles

Sometimes through home remedies your piles can be treated. These are a few things that you can try out to get relief from piles –

  • Taking high-fiber foods
  • Drinking enough amount of water
  • Not straining during bowel movement
  • Taking warm water baths to reduce pain
  • Avoid prolonged sitting
  • Avoid heavy lifting
  • Doing exercise regularly
  • Losing weight
  • Do not delay going to washroom, when you get the urge

Medical Procedures for Piles Treatment

If home remedies are not helping you to give comfort, then medical procedures and surgery will be the option. It is necessary to seek help from medical professionals if hemorrhoid are disrupting your daily activities. Medical procedures include:

  • Rubber band ligation:Rubber band ligation is an effective treatment for piles. Doctor will place a rubber band around your pile, so that the blood supply can be cut off. Due to this, the pile will be started to shrink and will fall within a few days. This process doesn’t require any anesthesia.
  • Electrocoagulation: In Electrocoagulation process your doctor will insert a probe into the location of pile. Then a gentle current will pass through the probe causing the pile toshrink.
  • Infrared coagulation: Infrared coagulation is a process where aninfrared light is used to heat the blood vessels, so that they can shrink. As the infrared light creates heat, it causes scar tissue to form, which cuts off the blood supply and the hemorrhoid start to shrink.
  • Sclerotherapy: In the case of sclera therapy your doctor will insert a solution into your plies to destroy the tissue. It helps to reduce the piles.

Laser Treatment for Piles

Laser treatment for piles commonly known as Proctology, is a non-invasive surgical procedure where doctors use high-intensity laser beams to destroy the piles. Laser treatment for piles (Haemorrhoids) includes:

  • Hemorrhoidal Laser Procedure: Haemorrhoidal Laser Procedure is a minimally invasive treatment for pikes. With the help of a laser fiber,they target the affected area, which helps to shrink the piles of tissue. Eventually, the piles getdisappear. This procedure is helpful for small piles.
  • Laser Hemorrhoidectomy: Laser Haemorrhoidectomy is a procedure of removing the piles with a laser. The laser cuts the piles and removes them. The process is safe and you will be fine within a few days. Generally, Laser Haemorrhoidectomy is used to remove large or severe piles.
  • Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty: Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty uses higher laser energy than Haemorrhoidal Laser Procedure, to significantly reduce the tissue. A laser probe with camera is inserted into anus to get the view of piles. After that the high-intensity laser beam targets the piles, reducing it’s blood flow and causing it to shrink.

Why Laser Treatments for Piles are Better than Conventional Surgery?

Here are a few points which will justify that laser treatments for piles are better than conventional surgery:

  1. Laser treatments have no or minimal blood loss as they coagulate the blood vessels, unlike conventional surgery which involves manual coagulation.
  2. Laser treatment procedure is quicker than conventional treatment.
  3. Less pain and minimal discomfort than any other conventional methods.
  4. Conventional methods require time to heal and post-operative monitoring and hospital stay. However, laser treatment is associated with quicker recovery and less monitoring period.
  5. Since there is no open wound, the risk of infection is less for laser treatment other than traditional surgery. Here the patient feelsmore comfortable and less pain.

Laser Treatment for Piles Cost

The cost of laser treatment for piles depends upon below factors

  • The clinic’s or hospital’s location
  • Doctor’s salary & experience
  • Success rate of the clinic/hospital or the reputation of the clinic/ hospital
  • Clinic or hospital facility charges
  • Insurance coverages

Keep in mind all the points you should choose the reliable clinic or hospital.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What are piles?

Answer: Plies, also known as haemorrhoids are enlarge blood vessels or lumps that grows inside or around the opening of your anus.

  • What causes piles?

Answer: Piles can be caused by constipation, pregnancy, diarrhea, heavy weight lifting & many others.

  • What are the symptoms of piles?

Answer: Itching, bleeding during bowel movement, lumps in anus etc.

  • Can we prevent piles at home?

Answer: Yes, you can. By maintaining a healthy diet, exercising daily, staying hydrated, avoiding straining during bowel movements you can prevent it at home.

  • Is prolong sitting harmful for piles?

Answer: Yes, prolonged sitting can be harmful for piles as it pit pressure on you anal veins.

ZSR Circumcision: A Painless Process

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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ZSR Circumcision: A Painless Process

What is ZSR Circumcision?

ZSR circumcision(Zero-tensionSutureless Resection)is a procedure of removing the foreskin of penis. This process required no needle, no stitches, less scarring. This process is safe and has a high success rate. In the traditional method, your surgeon cuts the penis head and then they seal that cut with sutures. It’s a time taking process and painful also. But with modern technologies, it is now possible to do your circumcision with painless treatment.

Why is ZSR circumcision required?

Sometimes it is done due to religious or social believe, personal cleanliness or to cure certain health conditions. Health conditions which can be cured through ZSR circumcision are-

  1. It decreases the risk of Sexually transmitted infections, like HIV.
  2. Sometimes we notice inflammation (Balanoposthitis) on the head of the penis, this happens due to the uncircumcised, as it gets hard and impossible to pull back. So, circumcision can preventpenile problems.
  3. To cure Balanitis, which is swelling on penis head
  4. It also helps to prevent any kind of Urinary tract infections.
  5. It reduces the chances of penis cancer.

ZSR Circumcision Procedure

The procedure of this circumcision is very much quicker than the traditional method. At first, you will receive anesthesia. Then your genital area will be cleaned. An equipment that looks like a stapler, will be placed around the penis head. Doctors will gently remove the foreskin and then they bandage the wound. The procedure generally takes 30 minutes maximum. The patient can go home the same day after spending some hours in observation. The recovery period is also fast. It takes 3 or 4 days to heal. If you take all the post-surgery rules and restrictions seriously, then within 1 week you will be back to your daily activities.

This circumcision is a minimal surgery and it’s became popular among people for various reasons. Those reasons are –

  • Less bleeding: People choose the ZSR technique rather than the traditional method because of its less bleeding. With the help of modern techniques and equipment doctors prevent excess blood loss during the circumcision process.
  • Quick treatment: It’s a quicker process than the traditional method. Within 30 minutes all the procedures are done.
  • Less painful:Unlike the traditional circumcision method, this process is less painful.
  • Quick recovery period: The recovery period of this circumcision is very quick. Within 3 to 4 days you will be healed.

Risk factors of ZSR Circumcision after the surgical procedure

Some risk factors are there that you should know about. The factors include:

  1. Excess bleedingdue to family history: If you have a family history with bleeding disorders where your blood can’t make blood clot easily, then even a little injury can make you bleed excessively. So, there is a chance that you can be affected by it after the circumcision process.
  2. Infections on surgical area: Redness, swelling or any bacterial infections can happenon the surgical area after circumcision.
  3. Fear of ring detachment : Once the healing process is done after circumcision, the ring that was used to close the incision will come off naturally within 10 to 15 days butin many cases the circumcision ringfalls off early without completing the healing process, this condition is called ring detachment.
  4. Urinary problem: You may face difficulties in urination after surgery.
  5. Nerve damage: There is a chance that during the procedure your nerves of that surgical area gets damaged. But if you are getthe treatment under a expert surgeon, you don’t need to worried about it.

Post surgery rules & restrictions

If you want to be healed quickly after this circumcision you have to take care of all the restrictions. Take rest, keep observing your healing process, don’t lift heavy things, cycling is prohibited, and try to avoid sexual activities for a few days. If you face any kind of excess swelling, excess bleeding, or discomfort you should contact your doctor.

Things you should keep in mind while choosing a reliable hospital orclinic for your treatment
  • Check the success rate of the hospitalor clinic for your selective treatment
  • Make sure your surgeon is efficient & well qualified
  • Make sure the hospital or clinic has all modern equipment
  • Compare the treatment cost with other hospitals and clinics before making any decision
  • Check thehospital’s orclinic’s reputation
ZSR circumcision cost

The cost of ZSR circumcision is depends on various factors. Those are mentioned below

  1. Hospital or clinic’s location
  2. Doctor’sfees which dependon their expertise& experience
  3. Facility cost
  4. Insurance coverage
  5. Anaesthesia cost

So, the cost of this circumcision actually varies to the above points. Keep all the above points in mind before making any decision.

FAQ – Frequently asked questions
  1. What is ZSR circumcision?

Answer: ZSR circumcision (Zero-tension Sutureless Resection) is a procedure of removing the foreskin of penis. This process required no needle, no stitches, less scarring. This process is safe and has a high success rate.

  • How many days it take to recover from ZSR circumcision?

Answer: Generally it takes 3 to 4 days to recover but if other complications do not arise and you strictly follow the post-surgery rules and restrictions you will be fit in a week.

  • Does circumcision impacts your penis size?

Answer: No, it doesn’t. It is just a foreskin removal surgery. It has nothing to do with the size.

  • How long to take to ZSR Circumcision?

Answer: It generally takes 30 minutes to complete ZSR circumcision.

  • Why ZSR circumcision is better than traditional circumcision?

Answer: ZSR circumcision is less painful than traditional Circumcision. It has many advantages like little blood loss, fast surgery, quick recovery and many.

  • What health conditions are treated by ZSR circumcision?

Answer: Balanitis, Balanoposthitis, Paraphimosis, Urinary tract infections or penile cancer can be treated by ZSR circumcision.

  • What are the risk factors of ZSR circumcision?

Answer: Risks including bleeding, infections, urinary problem can arise.

  • Is the procedure of ZSR circumcisionpainful?

Answer: It is not that much painful, as the surgeon uses local anesthesiaon you. But you many feel little pain or discomfort after surgery.

Solutions for Varicose Veins: Symptoms & Treatments

Dr. Prosenjit Choudhury
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Solutions for Varicose Veins: Symptoms & Treatments

Varicose veins are swollen, enlarged, and twisted veins found in the skin of the legs. Generally, it occurs on legs and the condition is totally visible on your skin. Vein walls help the blood to reach the heart. If the wall of your veins gets weakened and your valves are not functioning well, then the blood flows backward, which creates pressure on the veins. That’s why it looks like twisted & enlarged. The veins usually look blue, red, or purple in color. Here we understand the effective solutions for varicose veins. Explore symptoms, causes, and treatments to relieve discomfort and enhance your vein health.

Varicose Veins Signs

The most recognizable varicose veins signs are the twisted, swollen, blue or red visible veins just under your skin’s surface. Other symptoms include:

  • Bulging veins
  • Swelling in legs
  • Pain and cramps in legs
  • Itching
  • Skin discoloration
  • Difficulty in moving
  • Heavy legs after doing physical activity

Varicose Veins Causes

Weakened veins and valves are the primary points of all varicose veins causes. When the veins wall gets weakened they increase the blood pressure. As the veins get enlarged they start to stretch. So, the valves stop working properly. Other causes related to varicose veins are:

  • Natural aging
  • Obesity because itcreates pressure on veins
  • Prolonged standing or sitting
  • High blood pressure

Varicose Veins Risk Factors

Anyone at any age can develop this disease. So, as the risk remains we should be aware of the risk factors. Varicose veins risk factors are:

  • Family history:People with a family history of varicose veins can develop this condition also
  • Age: With age your valves in the veins lose their strength. So, they stop working properly
  • Hormonal issues: Women have more chances to develop this disease. Because during your adolescence period, pregnancy period your body goes through some hormonal changes which can be a reason for this disease
  • Blood clots: Blood clot disease (thrombosis) is harmful. Even it damages your veins, which causes varicose veins
  • Overweight: Excess weight can increase the chances of varicose veins as it creates pressure on your veins

Varicose veins arenotthat much critical disease. But sometimes varicose veins can lead to serious problems. One of them is the problem of blood clots. Blood clots can develop major issues with varicose veins, like –

Deep Veins Thrombosis: In the condition of Deep Veins Thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot arises in your deep veins. Then it blocks the blood from reaching to your heart and lungs. People with varicose veins are more likely to get a chance to develop DVT.

Pulmonary Embolism: When a blood clot develops in your deep veins, sticks into your lungs and blocks the artery to carry blood from heart to other parts of your body. This condition is called Pulmonary Embolism (PE). It’s a deadly condition.

How Varicose Veins Are Diagnosed?

Doctor will check your vein condition which is easily visible in your legs andwill ask about your symptoms, pains and medical history. There is no need for anyadditional tests, only an ultrasound is required to check the detailed condition of the veins.

Home Remedies You Can Try out

Prevent your varicose veins before they get worse& try the below points:

  • Weight loss to reduce the pressure on your veins
  • Avoid prolonged standing or sitting
  • Wear compression stockings, which help the blood to flow upward, towardthe heart
  • Elevate your legs for sometimes
  • Do exercise regularly
  • Eat healthy food
  • Stay active
  • Stay hydrated

Best Way To Treat Varicose Veins

Many treatments are there right now to overcome varicose veins. Though treatments can overcome your problems but varicose veins can come back anytime again at any time. Therefore it’s better to get the treatment on time. Varicose veins treatmentincludes:

  • Vein stripping: Invein stripping surgery, your doctor removes the damaged veins.Firstlya small incisionwill be done on your visible varicose veins. Then your affected vein will be pulled out &remaining veinswill be tied off.
  • Sclerotherapy: Sclerotherapy treats twisted veins. The doctorwill inject a solution in your vein walls to scar and close. This situation pushes the blood through healthier veins and the damaged vein slowly fades up.
  • Laser treatment: Through laser therapy, the heat of the laser creates scar tissue that shuts off the blood flow, and eliminates the damaged veins.
  • Endovenous Laser Ablation:In this procedure, your doctor will make a cut near your veins and they will insert a catheter with a laser into your veins. With the help of ultrasound, the laser heatsthe vein walls to seal off.

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is varicose veins?

Answer:Enlarged and twisted veins in the legsare called varicose veins.

  • What are common signs?

Answer: Heaviness, itching, pain, swelling are common signs.

  • Howcompression stockings help invaricose veins?

Answer: It helps the blood to flow upward, towards the heart.

  • Are varicose veins and spider veins are same?

Answer: Spider vein is a variant of varicose veins. But they look smaller and they are less harmful.

  • What is the procedure of Sclerotherapy?

Answer: It’s a surgery where doctors will inject a solution in your vein walls to scar and close. This situation pushes the blood through healthier veins and the damaged vein slowly fades up.

  • What is vein striping surgery?

Answer: Invein stripping surgery doctor removes the damaged veins.

  • Is laser treatment truly effective?

Answer:Yes, with heat doctorsdestroyed the damage veins.

  • Is the pain of laser treatment unbearable?

Answer: You may feel little uncomfortable but laser treatment is not that much painful.

  • Is family history a reason for developing varicose veins?

Answer: Yes, your family history can lead you to varicose veins.

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